Association of socioeconomic stratification with plasmatic markers of lipoperoxidation and antioxidants in Venezuelan school-age children / Asociacion de la estratificacion socioeconomica con marcadores plasmaticos de lipoperoxidacion y antioxidantes en escolares venezolanos

Abstract Objetive: To establish association between socioeconomic status and plasmatic markers of lipoperoxidation and antioxidants in Venezuelan school-age children from the middle-class and in critical poverty. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 114 school-age children (aged 7-9). The socioeconomic status, dietary intake of macro and micro-nutrients, weight, height, lipid profile, indicators of lipid peroxidation and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were determined. Results: The daily average intake of energy, carbohydrates and vitamin A, and the percentage of energy obtained from carbohydrates was significantly higher in middle-class children compared to critical poverty children (p <0.05). The circulating oxidized low density lipoprotein (p <0.001) and the susceptibility of low density lipoproteins and very low density lipoproteins to oxidation in vitro (p <0.05) were significantly higher in middle-class children, while the critical poverty children showed significantly lower levels of Vitamin C and E in plasma (p <0.05). Non-enzymatic antioxidant levels were frequently deficient in both strata. The concentrations of circulating oxidized low density lipoprotein (OR: 1.09, CI 95%: 1.016-1.179; p= 0.017) and Vitamin C (OR: 3.21, CI 95%: 1.104-9.938; p= 0.032) were associated to the socioeconomic status independently of gender, family history of premature coronary artery disease, triglicerides, Vitamin C and E dietary intake and count of white blood cells. Conclusion: The socioeconomic status was associated to circulating oxidized low density lipoprotein and Vitamin C in Venezuelan school-age children, The results suggested the need to improve the dietary intake of antioxidants in both studied socioeconomic groups.

Resumen Objetivo: Establecer la asociación entre la estratificación socioeconómica y marcadores plasmáticos de lipoperoxidación y antioxidantes en escolares venezolanos de clase media y en pobreza crítica. Métodos: Estudio transversal de 114 escolares con edades entre 7 y 9 años. Se determinó el estrato socioeconómico, la ingesta dietaria de macro y micronutrientes, peso, talla, perfil lipídico e indicadores plasmáticos de peroxidacion lipídica y antioxidantes enzimáticos y no-enzimáticos. Resultados: La ingesta dietaria promedio de energía, carbohidratos y vitamina A así como el porcentaje de energía obtenida de los carbohidratos fueron significativamente más elevados en los niños de clase media comparados con los niños en pobreza crítica (p <0.05). La concentración de lipoproteína de baja densidad oxidada circulante y la susceptibilidad de las lipoproteínas de baja densidad y muy baja densidad a la oxidación in vitro (p <0.05) fueron significativamente más elevadas en los niños de clase media, mientras los niños en pobreza crítica demostraron niveles plasmáticos de vitamin C y E significativamente más bajos (p <0.05). Las frecuencia de déficit de antioxidantes no enzimáticos fue elevada en ambos grupos estudiados. Las concentraciones de lipoproteína de baja densidad oxidada circulante (OR: 1.09, IC 95%: 1.016-1.179; p= 0.017) y vitamina C (OR: 3.21, IC 95%: 1.104-9.938; p= 0.032) se asociaron significativamente al estrato socioeconómico independientemente del sexo, historia familiar de enfermedad coronaria prematura, triglicéridos, ingesta dietaria de vitaminas C y E y contaje total de glóbulos blancos. Conclusión: La estratificación socioeconómica se asoció a las concentraciones de lipoproteína de baja densidad oxidada circulante y vitamina C en escolares venezolanos, los resultados sugirieron la necesidad de mejorar la ingesta dietaria de antioxidantes en ambos estratos socioeconómicos estudiados.

Asociación entre consumo de alimentos con capacidad antioxidante y envejecmiento biológico en adultos mayores de Catamarca / Association between consumption of foods with antioxidant capacity and biological aging in older adults in Catamarca

Se tiene evidencia científica que el daño producido por los Radicales Libres (RL) a biomoléculas, está implicado en la génesis o exacerbación de numerosos procesos de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Es también considerable el número de estudios que reconocen el efecto beneficioso de la dieta sobre la longevidad y en los procesos de enfermedades propias del envejecimiento y vinculadas a Estrés Oxidativo (EO). Si bien el proceso de envejecimiento es el resultado del daño acumulativo en las células y tejidos del organismo, y depende tanto de factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos, como el material genético de cada individuo, su estilo de vida y el entorno que le rodea, entre los factores responsables del daño acumulativo que conducen al envejecimiento cabe destacar los oxidantes biológicos, ya sean producidos endógena o exógenamente. Son múltiples las reacciones redox necesarias para el buen funcionamiento del organismo humano, aunque en varias de ellas se producen continuamente RL. Estos compuestos, altamente inestables y reactivos atacan componentes celulares causando daño sobre proteínas, lípidos y el ADN. A pesar de que el organismo dispone de mecanismos de defensas naturales contra los RL inevitablemente las defensas suelen no ser suficientes y el daño oxidativo va acumulándose en el tiempo. El objetivo del trabajo fue describir el consumo de alimentos con capacidad antioxidante en poblaciones de Adultos Mayores (AM) con factores de riesgo de Enfermedad Cardiovascular (EC), y determinar su posible asociación con el estado de oxidación/antioxidación presente en el plasma. Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico de diseño transversal y descriptivo en el que participaron 96 AM entre 60 y 79 años de edad, de ambos sexos, residentes en localidades de la Región Este (RE) y de la Región Oeste (RO) de la provincia. Las áreas geográficas de estudio seleccionadas corresponden a dos zonas socio-productivas diferentes de la Provincia

SUMMARY: There is scientific evidence that the damage produced by the free radicals (FR) to the bio-molecules is involved in the origin and intensification of several chronic non-transmissible diseases. There is also a considerable number of studies which recognize the beneficial effect of the diet on both longevity and diseases associated with longevity and oxidative stress (OS). Although the ageing process is the result of the cumulative damage in the cells and tissues of the body and depends on intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as the genetic material of each individual, life style and living context, biological oxidants produced either endogenously or exogenously- are also worth mentioning among the factors responsible for the damage that leads to the same cumulative ageing. There are multiple Redox reactions which are necessary for a good functioning of the human body; however in many of them FR are permanently being produced. These highly unstable and reactive compounds attack cell components causing damage to the proteins, lipids and the DNA. Although the body has natural defense echanisms against the FR, such defenses are usually not enough and oxidative damage is accumulated with the passing of time. The aim of this work was to describe the consumption of food with antioxidant capacity in groups of elderly adults (EA) with risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CD), and to determine a possible association with the state of oxidation/anti-oxidation present in the plasma. A transverse and descriptive epidemiological study was carried out which included 96 EA between 60-79 years old, both male and female residing in some villages of the Eastern Region Elderly Adults (ER) and western Regions (WR) of the province

Estresse oxidativo: revisão da sinalização metabólica no diabetes tipo 1 / Oxidative stress: a review on metabolic signaling in type 1 diabetes

O diabetes melito e suas complicações apresentam origem multifatorial. Mecanismos bioquímicos e patológicos estão associados com hiperglicemia crônica no diabetes e o aumento do estresse oxidativo tem sido postulado com papel central nestas desordens. Evidências sugerem que a lesão celular oxidativa causada pelos radicais livres contribuem para o desenvolvimento das complicações no diabetes tipo 1 (DM1) e a diminuição das defesas antioxidantes (enzimáticas e não-enzimáticas) parecem correlacionar-se com a gravidade das alterações patológicas no DM1. Nesta revisão, relata-se como o estresse oxidativo pode exercer efeitos deletérios no diabetes e são apresentadas as opções terapêuticas em estudo para modulação da injúria vascular.

Diabetic complications appear to be multifactorial process. The biochemical and pathological mechanisms are associated with chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes and the increased oxidative stress which has been postulated to play a central role in these disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative cell injury caused by free radicals contributes to the development of type 1 diabetes (DM1) complications and decreased efficiency of antioxidant defenses (both enzymatic and nonenzymatic) seems to correlate with the severity of pathological tissue changes in DM1. In this review, we report as oxidative stress may exert deleterious effects in diabetes, as well as address current strategies in study to down-regulating vascular injury.

Peripheral markers of oxidative stress in chronic mercuric chloride intoxication

The present study was designed to evaluate the time course changes in peripheral markers of oxidative stress in a chronic HgCl2 intoxication model. Twenty male adult Wistar rats were treated subcutaneously daily for 30 days and divided into two groups of 10 animals each: Hg, which received HgCl2 (0.16 mg kg-1 day-1), and control, receiving the same volume of saline solution. Blood was collected at the first, second and fourth weeks of Hg administration to evaluate lipid peroxidation (LPO), total radical trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), and superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and catalase (CAT). HgCl2 administration induced a rise (by 26 percent) in LPO compared to control (143 ± 10 cps/mg hemoglobin) in the second week and no difference was found at the end of the treatment. At that time, GST and GPx were higher (14 and 24 percent, respectively) in the Hg group, and Cu,Zn-SOD was lower (54 percent) compared to control. At the end of the treatment, Cu,Zn-SOD and CAT were higher (43 and 10 percent, respectively) in the Hg group compared to control (4.6 ± 0.3 U/mg protein; 37 ± 0.9 pmol/mg protein, respectively). TRAP was lower (69 percent) in the first week compared to control (43.8 ± 1.9 mM Trolox). These data provide evidence that HgCl2 administration is accompanied by systemic oxidative damage in the initial phase of the process, which leads to adaptive changes in the antioxidant reserve, thus decreasing the oxidative injury at the end of 30 days of HgCl2 administration. These results suggest that a preventive treatment with antioxidants would help to avoid oxidative damage in subjects with chronic intoxication.

Perfil socioeconômico, nutricional e de antioxidantes de jovens fumantes, do município de Viçosa-MG / Socioeconimic, nutricional and antioxidants profile in young smokes from the city of Viçosa, MG

Com o objetivo de comparar o perfil socieconômico, nutricional e de antioxidantes de indivíduos jovens fumantes e não fumantes de Viçosa-MG, conduziu-se um estudo transversal controlado. Foram selecionados indivíduos fumantes e não fumantes de instituições de ensino da cidade de Viçosa-MG. Considerou-se como fumante o indivíduo que fumava pelo menos um cigarro diariamente, por pelo menos 30 dias antes do inicio do estudo, e não fumante o que nunca fumou e/ou não fumava esporadicamente. Os fumantes foram categorizados de acordo com o número de cigarros fumados por dia, como fumantes brandos quando fumavam menos de 10 cigarros por dia e fumantes pesados quando consumiam 10 ou mais cigarros por dia. Aplicou-se questionários para avaliar o hábito de fumar, às condições gerais de saúde e o consumo de bebida alcoólica dos jovens e seus familiares. O grau de dependência nicotínica foi avaliado por meio do Questionário de Tolerância de Fagerstrõm (QTF). Para avaliar o nível de atividade física utlizou-se o IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionare). Avaliou-se parâmetros antropométricos e de composição corporal: peso, altura, IMC, pregas cutâneas, percentual de gordura corporal, circunferência da cintura e quadril, RCQ, gordura central, gordura periférica e relação gordura central/periférica. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado através de questionário de freqüência alimentar e recordatório alimentar. Coletou-se o sangue para determinação e quantificação de colesterol total sérico e frações, vitamina C, vitamina E e malondialdeído plasmáticos...

Diferencias en antioxidantes plasmáticos según nivel socioeconómico en mujeres chilenas / Differences in plasma antioxidants according to socioeconomic level in chilean women

Background: Free radical-mediated oxidative damage is a known initial event in atherogenesis. Cardiovascular disease is frequent in the Chilean population showing differences in the prevalence of risk factors of the disease according to socioeconomic level (SEL). Aim: To determine levels of antioxidants and lipid peroxides in Chilean women from different SEL. Patients and methods: Blood samples were taken from 81 women for measurements of plasma ascorbic acid, ß-carotene, a-tocopherol, licopene, ubiquinol, glutathione, total plasma antioxidant capacity, and lipid peroxides (TBARS). Results:Individuals in the lower SEL showed reduced levels of plasma ß-carotene, ascorbic acid, a-tocopherol, and ubiquinol compared to women in the higher SEL. There were no differences between groups in the plasma levels of glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, or TBARS. Conclusions: The results could be explained in part by the higher consumption of fruits and vegetables in women from the upper SEL

Plant polyphenol antioxidants and oxidative stress

In recent years there has been a remarkable increment in scientific articles dealing with oxidative stress. Several reasons justify this trend: knowledge about reactive oxygen and nitrogen species metabolism; definition of markers for oxidative damage; evidence linking chronic diseases and oxidative stress; identification of flavonoids and other dietary polyphenol antioxidants present in plant foods as bioactive molecules; and data supporting the idea that health benefits associated with fruits, vegetables and red wine in the diet are probably linked to the polyphenol antioxidants they contain. In this review we examine some of the evidence linking chronic diseases and oxidative stress, the distribution and basic structure of plant polyphenol antioxidants, some biological effects of polyphenols, and data related to their bioavailability and the metabolic changes they undergo in the intestinal lumen and after absorption into the organism. Finally, we consider some of the challenges that research in this area currently faces, with particular emphasis on the contributions made at the International Symposium [quot ]Biology and Pathology of Free Radicals: Plant and Wine Polyphenol Antioxidants[quot ] held July 29-30, 1999, at the Catholic University, Santiago, Chile and collected in this special issue of Biological Research.